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Method for solving the nonlinear inverse problem in gas face seal diagnosis based on surrogate models

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0689-z

摘要： Physical models carry quantitative and explainable expert knowledge. However, they have not been introduced into gas face seal diagnosis tasks because of the unacceptable computational cost of inferring the input fault parameters for the observed output or solving the inverse problem of the physical model. The presented work develops a surrogate-model-assisted method for solving the nonlinear inverse problem in limited physical model evaluations. The method prepares a small initial database on sites generated with a Latin hypercube design and then performs an iterative routine that benefits from the rapidity of the surrogate models and the reliability of the physical model. The method is validated on simulated and experimental cases. Results demonstrate that the method can effectively identify the parameters that induce the abnormal signal output with limited physical model evaluations. The presented work provides a quantitative, explainable, and feasible approach for identifying the cause of gas face seal contact. It is also applicable to mechanical devices that face similar difficulties.

关键词： surrogate model gas face seal fault diagnosis nonlinear dynamics tribology

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An assessment of surrogate fuel using Bayesian multiple kernel learning model in sight of sooting tendency

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 277-291 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0731-6

摘要： An integrated and systematic database of sooting tendency with more than 190 kinds of fuels was obtained through a series of experimental investigations. The laser-induced incandescence (LII) method was used to acquire the 2D distribution of soot volume fraction, and an apparatus-independent yield sooting index (YSI) was experimentally obtained. Based on the database, a novel predicting model of YSI values for surrogate fuels was proposed with the application of a machine learning method, named the Bayesian multiple kernel learning (BMKL) model. A high correlation coefficient (0.986) between measured YSIs and predicted values with the BMKL model was obtained, indicating that the BMKL model had a reliable and accurate predictive capacity for YSI values of surrogate fuels. The BMKL model provides an accurate and low-cost approach to assess surrogate performances of diesel, jet fuel, and biodiesel in terms of sooting tendency. Particularly, this model is one of the first attempts to predict the sooting tendencies of surrogate fuels that concurrently contain hydrocarbon and oxygenated components and shows a satisfying matching level. During surrogate formulation, the BMKL model can be used to shrink the surrogate candidate list in terms of sooting tendency and ensure the optimal surrogate has a satisfying matching level of soot behaviors. Due to the high accuracy and resolution of YSI prediction, the BMKL model is also capable of providing distinguishing information of sooting tendency for surrogate design.

关键词： sooting tendency yield sooting index Bayesian multiple kernel learning surrogate assessment surrogate formulation

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Reliability-based design optimization of offshore wind turbine support structures using RBF surrogatemodel

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1086-1099 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0976-8

摘要： Reliability-based design optimization of offshore wind turbine support structures using RBF surrogate model

关键词： RBF surrogate model turbine support structures

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double-layer barrel vaults using genetic and pattern search algorithms and optimized neural network as surrogatemodel

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 378-395 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0899-9

摘要： This paper presents a combined method based on optimized neural networks and optimization algorithms to solve structural optimization problems. The main idea is to utilize an optimized artificial neural network (OANN) as a surrogate model to reduce the number of computations for structural analysis. First, the OANN is trained appropriately. Subsequently, the main optimization problem is solved using the OANN and a population-based algorithm. The algorithms considered in this step are the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) and genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the abovementioned problem is solved using the optimal point obtained from the previous step and the pattern search (PS) algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, two numerical examples are considered. In the first example, the performance of two algorithms, OANN + AOA + PS and OANN + GA + PS, is investigated. Using the GA reduces the elapsed time by approximately 50% compared with using the AOA. Results show that both the OANN + GA + PS and OANN + AOA + PS algorithms perform well in solving structural optimization problems and achieve the same optimal design. However, the OANN + GA + PS algorithm requires significantly fewer function evaluations to achieve the same accuracy as the OANN + AOA + PS algorithm.

关键词： optimization surrogate models artificial neural network SAP2000 genetic algorithm

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approach for structural damage detection using meta-heuristic algorithms and group method of data handling surrogatemodel

Hamed FATHNEJAT, Behrouz AHMADI-NEDUSHAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 907-929 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0628-1

摘要： In this study, the performance of an efficient two-stage methodology which is applied in a damage detection system using a surrogate model of the structure has been investigated. In the first stage, in order to locate the damage accurately, the performance of the modal strain energy based index for using different numbers of natural mode shapes has been evaluated using the confusion matrix. In the second stage, to estimate the damage extent, the sensitivity of most used modal properties due to damage, such as natural frequency and flexibility matrix is compared with the mean normalized modal strain energy (MNMSE) of suspected damaged elements. Moreover, a modal property change vector is evaluated using the group method of data handling (GMDH) network as a surrogate model during damage extent estimation by optimization algorithm; in this part of methodology, the performance of the three popular optimization algorithms including particle swarm optimization (PSO), bat algorithm (BA), and colliding bodies optimization (CBO) is examined and in this regard, root mean square deviation ( ) based on the modal property change vector has been proposed as an objective function. Furthermore, the effect of noise in the measurement of structural responses by the sensors has also been studied. Finally, in order to achieve the most generalized neural network as a surrogate model, GMDH performance is compared with a properly trained cascade feed-forward neural network (CFNN) with log-sigmoid hidden layer transfer function. The results indicate that the accuracy of damage extent estimation is acceptable in the case of integration of PSO and MNMSE. Moreover, the GMDH model is also more efficient and mimics the behavior of the structure slightly better than CFNN model.

关键词： two-stage method modal strain energy surrogate model GMDH optimization damage detection

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Synergistic optimization framework for the process synthesis and design of biorefineries

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 251-273 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2071-9

摘要： The conceptual process design of novel bioprocesses in biorefinery setups is an important task, which remains yet challenging due to several limitations. We propose a novel framework incorporating superstructure optimization and simulation-based optimization synergistically. In this context, several approaches for superstructure optimization based on different surrogate models can be deployed. By means of a case study, the framework is introduced and validated, and the different superstructure optimization approaches are benchmarked. The results indicate that even though surrogate-based optimization approaches alleviate the underlying computational issues, there remains a potential issue regarding their validation. The development of appropriate surrogate models, comprising the selection of surrogate type, sampling type, and size for training and cross-validation sets, are essential factors. Regarding this aspect, satisfactory validation metrics do not ensure a successful outcome from its embedded use in an optimization problem. Furthermore, the framework’s synergistic effects by sequentially performing superstructure optimization to determine candidate process topologies and simulation-based optimization to consolidate the process design under uncertainty offer an alternative and promising approach. These findings invite for a critical assessment of surrogate-based optimization approaches and point out the necessity of benchmarking to ensure consistency and quality of optimized solutions.

关键词： biotechnology surrogate modelling superstructure optimization simulation-based optimization process design

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网络设计问题的一种代理模型优化算法 Article

Meng LI, Xi LIN, Xi-qun CHEN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第11期页码 1693-1704 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601403

摘要：由于其双层规划结构本质上的非凸性，交通网络设计问题一直以来都是交通规划领域中最为困难的问题之一。尤其在考虑混合了连续变量与离散变量的决策变量时，得到的混合网络设计形式进一步增加了问题的难度。本文引入了一种代理模型优化算法，用以解决三种不同种类的网络设计问题，包括连续、离散与混合的情形。我们证明了提出的算法在解决连续网络设计问题时，能够确保“渐进完全收敛”的性质，即在给定足够长的计算时间时，算法能够以概率1收敛到全局最优解。为了展示本文提出的框架在实际问题中的表现，我们用大量的算例对比了代理模型算法与大量用于解决网络设计问题的经典算法、启发式算法的效果。结果表明，以效率与精确度而论，代理模型算法是其中最优秀之一，同时它还能够有效地解决超过20个变量的较大规模的问题。本文提出的代理模型优化框架也能够用于解决交通领域的其他优化问题。

关键词：网络设计问题；代理模型优化；交通规划；启发式算法

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M-LFM: a multi-level fusion modeling method for shape−performance integrated digital twin of complex structure

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0708-0

摘要： As a virtual representation of a specific physical asset, the digital twin has great potential for realizing the life cycle maintenance management of a dynamic system. Nevertheless, the dynamic stress concentration is generated since the state of the dynamic system changes over time. This generation of dynamic stress concentration has hindered the exploitation of the digital twin to reflect the dynamic behaviors of systems in practical engineering applications. In this context, this paper is interested in achieving real-time performance prediction of dynamic systems by developing a new digital twin framework that includes simulation data, measuring data, multi-level fusion modeling (M-LFM), visualization techniques, and fatigue analysis. To leverage its capacity, the M-LFM method combines the advantages of different surrogate models and integrates simulation and measured data, which can improve the prediction accuracy of dynamic stress concentration. A telescopic boom crane is used as an example to verify the proposed framework for stress prediction and fatigue analysis of the complex dynamic system. The results show that the M-LFM method has better performance in the computational efficiency and calculation accuracy of the stress prediction compared with the polynomial response surface method and the kriging method. In other words, the proposed framework can leverage the advantages of digital twins in a dynamic system: damage monitoring, safety assessment, and other aspects and then promote the development of digital twins in industrial fields.

关键词： shape−performance integrated digital twin (SPI-DT) multi-level fusion modeling (M-LFM) surrogate model telescopic boom crane data fusion

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多尺度材料与过程设计的数据驱动和机理混合建模方法 Perspective

周腾, Rafiqul Gani, Kai Sundmacher

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第9期页码 1231-1238 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.022

摘要：

世界人口的不断增长要求加工业以更高效和更可持续的方式生产食品、燃料、化学品和消费品。功能性过程材料是这一挑战的核心。传统上，人们根据经验或者通过反复试验的方法来发现新型先进材料。随着理论方法和相关工具的不断改进和计算机能力的提高，现在流行使用计算方法来指导材料选择和设计，这种方法也非常有效。由于材料选择与材料使用的过程操作之间存在很强的相互作用，必须同时进行材料设计和过程设计。尽管有这种重要联系，但由于通常需要使用不同规模的多个模型，材料和过程的集成设计并不容易。混合建模为解决此类复杂的设计问题提供了一个有前景的选择。在混合建模中，用数据驱动模型描述原本计算成本高昂的材料特性，而用机理模型表示众所周知的过程相关原理。本文重点介绍了混合建模在多尺度材料和过程设计中的重要性。首先介绍通用设计方法，然后选择了六个重要的应用领域：四个来自化学工程领域，两个来自能源系统工程领域。对于选定的每个领域，讨论了使用混合建模进行多尺度材料和过程设计的最新研究。最后，本文给出了结论，指出当前研究的局限性和未来的发展空间。

关键词：数据驱动代理模型机器学习混合建模材料设计过程优化

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高层建筑抗风智能幕墙 Article

丁菲, Ahsan Kareem

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第12期页码 1443-1453 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.020

摘要：

世界各地城市高层建筑的蓬勃发展使人们对其抗风性能提出了新要求。这涉及选择建筑外形使其风荷载最小化和有效传递荷载的结构拓扑形式。现行方法通常是在设计中寻找最优外形，但是会将其限定在静态或固定的建筑形式下。以台北101和哈利法塔的外形设计为例，气动外形修正通过修改建筑物的外观设计在减小风荷载和风致建筑物响应方面有很好的应用前景。在这些建筑物设计中，引入了横截面的倒角调整和锥度设计。除此之外，另一种引人注目的方案是设计一个能适应城市高楼林立复杂风环境变化的建筑，即设计动态立面。建筑形状的自主动态变形超越了传统静态形状优化设计，通过将传感、计算、传动装置和工程信息学融合在一起的信息物理系统而实现，并在本研究中进行了论证。新提出的方法将使建筑物能够智能地改变其轮廓，最大限度减弱动态风荷载激励，并有望通过利用计算设计的迅速发展，推动高层建筑设计从传统的静态立面转变为动态立面。

关键词：高层建筑气动外形修正自主变形信息物理系统计算设计代理模型机器学习

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An experimental study on spray auto-ignition of RP-3 jet fuel and its surrogates

Yaozong DUAN, Wang LIU, Zhen HUANG, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 396-404 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0715-y

摘要： Jet fuel is widely used in air transportation, and sometimes for special vehicles in ground transportation. In the latter case, fuel spray auto-ignition behavior is an important index for engine operation reliability. Surrogate fuel is usually used for fundamental combustion study due to the complex composition of practical fuels. As for jet fuels, two-component or three-component surrogate is usually selected to emulate practical fuels. The spray auto-ignition characteristics of RP-3 jet fuel and its three surrogates, the 70% mol -decane/30% mol 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 1), the 51% mol -decane/49% mol 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 2), and the 49.8% mol -dodecane/21.6% mol -cetane/28.6% mol toluene blend (Surrogate 3) were studied in a heated constant volume combustion chamber. Surrogate 1 and Surrogate 2 possess the same components, but their blending percentages are different, as the two surrogates were designed to capture the H/C ratio (Surrogate 1) and DCN (Surrogate 2) of RP-3 jet fuel, respectively. Surrogate 3 could emulate more physiochemical properties of RP-3 jet fuel, including molecular weight, H/C ratio and DCN. Experimental results indicate that Surrogate 1 overestimates the auto-ignition propensity of RP-3 jet fuel, whereas Surrogates 2 and 3 show quite similar auto-ignition propensity with RP-3 jet fuel. Therefore, to capture the spray auto-ignition behaviors, DCN is the most important parameter to match when designing the surrogate formulation. However, as the ambient temperature changes, the surrogates matching DCN may still show some differences from the RP-3 jet fuel, e.g., the first-stage heat release influenced by low-temperature chemistry.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel surrogate spray auto-ignition constant volume combustion chamber

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Standard model of knowledge representation

Wensheng YIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第3期页码 275-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0372-3

摘要：

Knowledge representation is the core of artificial intelligence research. Knowledge representation methods include predicate logic, semantic network, computer programming language, database, mathematical model, graphics language, natural language, etc. To establish the intrinsic link between various knowledge representation methods, a unified knowledge representation model is necessary. According to ontology, system theory, and control theory, a standard model of knowledge representation that reflects the change of the objective world is proposed. The model is composed of input, processing, and output. This knowledge representation method is not a contradiction to the traditional knowledge representation method. It can express knowledge in terms of multivariate and multidimensional. It can also express process knowledge, and at the same time, it has a strong ability to solve problems. In addition, the standard model of knowledge representation provides a way to solve problems of non-precision and inconsistent knowledge.

关键词： knowledge representation standard model ontology system theory control theory multidimensional representation

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张正彦：融合知识的预训练语言模型（2020年4月3日）

2022年04月18日

关键词：工程管理

受限空间火灾模型研究进展

郑昕,袁宏永

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第3期页码 68-74

摘要：

火灾模型是从工程科学的角度出发，分析研究火灾的发生、发展，烟气蔓延以及火灾对周围环境诸如建筑设备、森林植被及大气环境等影响的数学模型。介绍了广泛应用于建筑物内部受限空间的场、区域、网模型以及经验模型的理论思想与数学方程，分析了4种模型在相应环境下应用的合理性，并对火灾模型的发展做出了展望。

关键词：受限空间场模型区域模型网模型场区网模型经验模型

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Elevated temperature creep model of parallel wire strands

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1060-1071 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0981-y

摘要： Parallel wire strands (PWSs), which are widely used in prestressed steel structures, are typically in high-stress states. Under fire conditions, significant creep effects occur, reducing the prestress and influencing the mechanical behavior of PWSs. As there is no existing approach to analyze their creep behavior, this study experimentally investigated the elevated temperature creep model of PWSs. A charge-coupled camera system was incorporated to accurately obtain the deformation of the specimen during the elevated temperature creep test. It was concluded that the temperature level had a more significant effect on the creep strain than the stress level, and 450 °C was the key segment point where the creep rate varied significantly. By comparing the elevated temperature creep test results for PWSs and steel strands, it was found that the creep strain of PWSs was lower than that of steel strands at the same temperature and stress levels. The parameters in the general empirical formula, the Bailey–Norton model, and the composite time-hardening model were fitted based on the experimental results. By evaluating the accuracy and form of the models, the composite time-hardening model, which can simultaneously consider temperature, stress, and time, is recommended for use in the fire-resistance design of pre-tensioned structures with PWSs.

关键词： parallel wire strands experimental study elevated temperature creep model